Quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) are fundamental components of the API manufacturing process. All steps of manufacturing must meet stringent regulatory requirements set by authorities such as the FDA or EMA. QC involves rigorous testing of raw materials and the intermediate and final products to ensure they meet predefined standards. These tests often include chemical analysis, microbiological testing, and stability studies. QA, on the other hand, encompasses the overall system of procedures and protocols that ensure consistent production quality, including documentation practices, employee training, and validation of equipment.
3. Cardiovascular Health PQQ’s antioxidant properties may contribute to cardiovascular health by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in blood vessels. Some studies suggest that PQQ supplementation could lead to improvements in heart health markers, such as blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
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